癌基因放大在86,000个癌细胞基因组中的演变
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 23, 2026
概括
癌症中的高水平拷贝数放大 (HLAMP) 源于不同的进化路径:染色体内放大 (ICamp) 和染色体外DNA (ecDNA). 了解这些途径是开发有效癌症疗法的关键.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 高级副本数放大 (HLAMP) 是人类癌症瘤基因激活的关键驱动因素.
- 治疗对HLAMP的向正在推进,但它们的进化起源和对治疗反应的影响仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 使用新的计算方法调查HLAMP的进化轨迹.
- 区分染色体内放大 (ICamp) 和染色体外DNA (ecDNA) 的机制和细胞分布.
主要方法:
- 来自94名患者和8个实验系统的86239个癌细胞的单细胞全基因组测序.
- 分析进化动态和副本数分布的新计算方法.
- 对ecDNA结构,细胞丰富性和基因组背景的联合分析.
主要成果:
- ICamp和ecDNA在细胞中表现出不同的拷贝数分布,反映出不同的进化动态.
- ICamp事件显示亚克隆特异性,通过与克隆扩张相关的调制进化.
- 由于结构重组和复杂架构,ecDNAs 显示出较高的细胞对细胞拷贝数变化.
- ecDNA进化涉及由DNA损伤,选择和重新整合影响的分离和融合模式.
- 模拟单细胞ecDNA分布可以改善批量预测,并揭示组织类型的特异性.
结论:
- 不同的进化机制是不同类型的瘤基因放大的基础.
- ecDNA进化是复杂的,受到多种因素的影响,对向治疗有影响.
- 组织特异性ecDNA的患病率表明可能需要量身定制的治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
15.0K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
15.0K
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
11.6K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
11.6K
Tumor Progression
7.5K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.5K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
7.2K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
7.2K
Cancer
54.8K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
54.8K
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
9.9K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
9.9K


