血蛋白质组中的细胞衰老特征记录人类的健康和疾病
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 23, 2026
概括
血蛋白可以揭示细胞特异性衰老,预测疾病和死亡率. 这项研究量化了细胞分辨率上的生物衰老,揭示了各种衰老模式及其对健康的影响.
科学领域:
- 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.
- 生物老龄化 生物老龄化
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 衰老是一个复杂的过程,细胞和器官之间存在差异.
- 血蛋白反映细胞特异性衰老和预测健康结果的能力尚不清楚.
- 了解细胞衰老对于预测疾病风险和死亡率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发机器学习模型,使用等离子体蛋白质组学估计40多种细胞类型的生物年龄.
- 在一个大型的人群中研究细胞衰老特征的异质性.
- 确定细胞衰老特征是否预测疾病发病率和死亡率.
主要方法:
- 利用来自6万多个人的血蛋白质组数据的机器学习模型.
- 不同细胞类型的估计生物年龄,包括神经元,免疫和肌肉骨起源.
- 在15年内分析了细胞衰老,遗传因素 (APOE),疾病状况和死亡率之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 确定了异质的衰老特征,其中很大一部分个体在特定细胞类型中表现出加速衰老.
- APOE基因型对细胞类型 (例如,星球细胞与巨细胞) 的衰老有不同的影响.
- 细胞衰老特征预测了发生性疾病,如ALS和阿尔茨海默病 (AD),以及死亡率,具体例子包括骨肌细胞衰老对ALS和星细胞衰老对AD风险.
结论:
- 血蛋白质学可以在细胞分辨率上量化生物衰老,揭示个体衰老异质性.
- 细胞特异性衰老模式与不同的疾病风险和死亡率有关.
- 多细胞衰老风险得分有效地分层死亡风险,突出显示累积细胞衰老负担的重要性.
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