暴露人群中非恶性石棉相关疾病的监测:一个范围审查
Camilo de la Pava-Cortés1, Esperanza Peña Torres2, Tim Driscoll3
1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Annals of global health
|February 23, 2026
概括
在全球范围内,暴露于石棉会导致大量死亡. 本综述综合了国际经验,以指导哥伦比亚和类似国家的石棉相关疾病监测系统的发展.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 暴露于石棉是全球主要的健康问题,每年造成大约255,000人死亡,主要是由于职业接触.
- 间皮瘤和肺癌的发病率不断上升,特别是在工业区,强调需要有效的监测.
- 包括哥伦比亚在内的许多国家缺乏强大的系统来监测与石棉有关的疾病 (ARDs).
研究的目的:
- 综合国际在石棉暴露监测方面的经验.
- 为哥伦比亚和其他低收入和中等收入国家设计和实施监控战略提供信息.
- 解决基于证据的公共卫生干预措施的迫切需要.
主要方法:
- 根据JBI方法的范围审查.
- 在主要数据库 (Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library,Google Scholar) 进行全面的搜索.
- 包含无时间限制的英语文章.
主要成果:
- 分析了来自11个国家的14项研究,意大利,哥伦比亚和巴西的贡献很大.
- 队列研究证实,暴露在石棉的工人中,间皮瘤和肺癌的风险增加,需要长期跟踪.
- 存在有效的监控模型 (例如,意大利的ReNaM,巴西的Datamianto),集成数据,医疗评估和政策执行,但缺乏全球标准化.
结论:
- 结构化,特定于环境的监测计划对于管理暴露在石棉的健康负担至关重要.
- 国际模式为哥伦比亚等国家提供了可适应的框架.
- 投资监测可以加强公共卫生,帮助早期发现ARD,并促进环境和职业正义.
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