解密大米热应激耐受性的分子机制,通过最新的方法应对气候变化挑战
Neeraj Kumar1,2, Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi1, Deepak Sharma2
1Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Frontiers in plant science
|February 23, 2026
概括
气候变化引起的热压力威胁到大米的生产. 本综述综合了有关热应激影响,耐受性机制和培育策略的知识,以开发弹性大米品种.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 米 (Oryza sativa) 是全球重要的粮食来源,对粮食和金融安全至关重要,特别是在发展中国家.
- 气候变化导致的高温对可持续的水生产构成重大威胁,影响产量和谷物质量.
- 热应激会影响大米的形态,生理和分子水平,特别是在繁殖阶段,导致不育和产量损失.
研究的目的:
- 审查热应激对大米植物的多方面的影响.
- 要总结涉及到大米热耐受性的定量特征位点 (QTL),基因和调节途径.
- 评估当前和新兴的培育高产,耐热米品种的策略.
主要方法:
- 文献综述综合了关于大米热应激的当前知识.
- 已识别的QTLs,基因和温度耐受性的调节途径的摘要.
- 评估传统的育种,转基因方法和基于奥米克的策略.
主要成果:
- 热应激会在多个层面上损害大米,包括花粉活力,光合作用 (例如,Rubisco活动) 和通过活性氧物种的细胞完整性.
- 已经确定了许多赋予热耐受性的QTL和基因,为繁殖提供了目标.
- 奥米克斯方法为热应激反应机制提供了分子洞察力.
结论:
- 了解耐热性分子机制对于开发气候适应性大米至关重要.
- 传统的育种,转基因和奥米克战略是提高大米耐热性的关键.
- 新兴的工具,如微生物组研究,高通量表型和人工智能,显示出加速发展耐热水品种的前景.
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