评估GPT-5的食道癌症分期使用氧葡萄糖正子发射断层扫描最大强度投影图像:比较试点研究比较试点研究
Hiroki Maruyama1, Yoshitaka Toyama2,3, Yuya Araki4
1Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
JMIR cancer
|February 23, 2026
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 使用18F FDG-PET扫描显示食道癌症分期的希望,但医生的准确性仍然优越. 新的LLM改进了特定任务,如转移识别,帮助放射科医生.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 精确的食道癌分期是至关重要的,但复杂,依赖于18F FDG-PET解释.
- 放射学和外科手术的劳动力短缺需要自动诊断支持系统.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 为复杂的医疗任务提供了潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用18F FDG-PET图像来评估LLM在食道癌症分期的诊断准确性.
- 评估LLMs识别淋巴结 (LN) 和远程转移 (M) 的能力,用于自动化放射学报告.
主要方法:
- 对120名食道状细胞癌患者进行了回顾性分析,这些患者接受了18F FDG-PET/CT.
- 六名LLM和四名人类评估人员评估了LN转移并确定了临床N (cN) 和M (cM) 阶段.
- 诊断一致性和准确性使用科恩 κ,科克兰 Q 测试和马修斯相关系数进行评估.
主要成果:
- 对于LN和cN阶段测定,医生表现出明显更高的准确性 (60-85%) 比LLM (34-78%) .
- 对于医生来说,Interrater可靠性是相当大的 (κ:0.27-0.74),而对于LLM来说是轻微的 (κ: -0.07-0.25).
- GPT-5显示了最高的LLM精度 (63%用于胸部LN检测),较新的模型改善了转移的识别,但显示出较弱的cN分期一致性.
结论:
- 目前的LLM还没有达到医生级准确度,用于全面的食道癌症分期.
- 最近的LLM显示出在放射学报告中协助特定诊断任务的潜力.
- 进一步开发LLM可能会提高癌症分期工作流程的效率和准确性.
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