了解痴呆症的基因风险增加:预期的耻辱感大于经历的耻辱感
Shana D Stites1, Mehek Dedhia2, Kristin Harkins3
1Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
Psychology and aging
|February 23, 2026
概括
老年人高估了与阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 遗传风险相关的社会耻辱. 那些知道他们的阿波利波蛋白E (APOE) 基因型的人比预期的更少的耻辱感,特别是在社会归属和能力方面.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 给公共卫生带来了重大挑战.
- 人们越来越多地认识到遗传风险因素,如阿波利波蛋白E (APOE) ε4基因型.
- 了解遗传风险披露的社会影响对于患者支持至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较学习关于阿尔茨海默氏症遗传风险增加的预期社会影响与实际的耻辱感经历.
- 在无症状AD遗传风险的背景下调查"残疾悖论".
主要方法:
- 一项涉及老年人 (60-85岁) 的研究评估了与AD遗传风险相关的假设期望和经历的耻辱感.
- 参与者根据他们对APOE基因型的了解 (携带者与非携带者) 以及他们对风险状况的认识而被分成几组.
- 一个经过修改的社会影响量表测量了人们对阿尔茨海默症的耻辱感.
主要成果:
- 预计患有阿尔茨海默氏症的遗传风险的老年人大大高估了他们会经历的社会耻辱.
- 假设的耻辱感 (26.1%) 显著高于APOE ε4携带者 (2.3%) 经历的耻辱感.
- 预期和经历的耻辱之间最大的差异是在对能力和社会归属的看法中观察到的.
结论:
- 老年人倾向于高估发现对阿尔茨海默病的遗传倾向的负面社会后果.
- 这些发现凸显出,对社会结果的错误预测甚至可以发生在没有疾病症状的情况下.
- 这些结果有助于理解超越症状疾病的残疾悖论.
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