值得信赖的AI用于医疗决策:对帕金森病的对抗性强大和公平的机器学习预测
Junaid Muhammad1, Mitra Ghergherehchi1, Shiraz Ali1
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
PloS one
|February 23, 2026
概括
对于帕金森病 (PD) 诊断的机器学习模型容易受到偏见和攻击. 这项研究表明,对抗性攻击显著降低了人口群体之间的准确性和公平性,突出了强大的AI防御的需要.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 帕金森病 (PD) 的诊断依赖于运动和非运动症状.
- 机器学习 (ML) 模型显示了PD诊断的潜力,但往往缺乏公平性和稳定性.
- 现有的ML模型可以显示有偏见的结果,并且容易受到对抗性攻击.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估强大和公平的ML模型来诊断帕金森病的进展.
- 评估对抗性攻击对PD诊断ML分类器公平性和准确性的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用了帕金森病进展标记计划 (PPMI) 队列 (1,084名参与者).
- 评估公平性优化的随机森林 (RF) 和决策树 (DT) 分类器.
- 应用对抗技术 (标签泄露,数据中毒) 来模拟数据更改.
主要成果:
- 敌对攻击显著降低了模型性能,在敏感群体中将DT精度降低了10%以上,RF精度降低了20%.
- 公平度指标 (统计均等差异,机会平等差异) 在受到攻击的情况下下降,表明偏见增加.
- 敌对扰动放大了假阳性和假阴性,降低了PD诊断预测的整体准确性和公平性.
结论:
- 敌对攻击加剧了PD诊断ML模型的性能差异.
- 在医疗人工智能领域,有必要建立强大而具有公平意识的防御系统.
- 缓解与种族,年龄和性别有关的偏见对于PD中可靠的临床决策至关重要.
相关概念视频
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
1.3K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.3K
Parkinson's Disease: Overview
2.2K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.2K
Neural Regulation
43.6K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
43.6K


