安全的冷水门,同时穿着被批准参加开放水域游泳比赛的湿衣
Benjamin C Skutnik1,2, Marley G Owen2, M Jo Hite2
1Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|February 23, 2026
概括
训练有素的游泳者穿着湿衣的临界冷水温度 (Tcrit) 低于规定的16°C. 这项研究发现Tcrit平均为15.0°C,突出了在开放水域游泳比赛中的潜在安全问题.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
背景情况:
- 开放式水游泳比赛通常有最低温度规定,以确保参与者的安全.
- 临界冷水温度 (Tcrit) 是可以保持核心体温的最低温度.
- 目前的法规规定,在被批准的潮湿服活动中,最低水温为16°C.
研究的目的:
- 为了测试训练有素的水泳运动员穿着湿衣的Tcrit是否低于16°C规则.
- 为了研究潮服袖子设计 (袖子与无袖) 对Tcrit的影响.
- 在冷水游泳中确定影响Tcrit的生理因素.
主要方法:
- 20名训练有素的游泳者 (12名男性,8名女性) 在游泳管中进行了120分钟的渐进式冷却游泳试验.
- 水温从16°C降低,以代表性的强度模拟比赛条件.
- 使用细分线性回归来确定Tcrit;一个子集比较了湿衣类型.
主要成果:
- 中位数Tcrit为15.0°C,明显低于16°C规则 (p<0.001).
- 在Tcrit中没有发现性别或袖子和无袖游泳服之间的显著差异.
- 身体脂肪百分比,代谢热量产生和身体表面积与质量比是Tcrit (R2=0.41) 的显著预测因素.
结论:
- 训练有素的游泳者穿着湿衣可以承受水温低于当前16°C的要求.
- 尽管有生理性耐受性,但建议保持16°C的规范,以保持安全边缘.
- 可变的现实世界条件和多样化的运动员群体需要在开放水域游泳中保守的温度准则.
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