评估自上而下和自下而上处理在平行视觉搜索过程中对眼睛运动的贡献
Howard Jia He Tan1, Alejandro Lleras2, Zoe Jing Xu2
1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA. jiaheht2@illinois.edu.
Attention, perception & psychophysics
|February 23, 2026
概括
视觉搜索受到自上而下的目标和自下而上的突出影响. 在视觉搜索任务的早期,注意力可能会被延迟,因为眼睛的运动需要时间来准所需的对象.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 视觉感知 视觉感知 视觉感知
背景情况:
- 了解视觉搜索对于解释人类如何有效处理复杂场景至关重要.
- 注意指导 (上向下) 和刺激突出 (下向上) 都会影响眼睛运动模式.
- 以前的研究还没有完全解开这些因素在现实环境中的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 在视觉搜索过程中调查自上而下和自下而上因素对眼动模式的同时影响.
- 评估目标干扰器相似性和干扰器突出性如何影响搜索行为.
- 检查注意力指导和萨卡德准的时间进程.
主要方法:
- 利用一种高效的视觉搜索范式,在一个伪现实的环境中使用受控刺激.
- 操纵的目标-分散器相似性 (颜色) 和分散器突出性.
- 实现了两个指令条件:自由查看 (自下而上的基线) 和自上而下的搜索 (目标识别).
- 设置大小和目标干扰器相似性对眼睛运动和动延迟的评估影响.
主要成果:
- 在自由视图条件下,高值物品的初始固定选择性在saccade延迟期间持续存在.
- 在上向下搜索任务中,高值物品在搜索任务中捕获的冲击次数较少.
- 萨卡德延迟分析表明,在搜索过程中,正确地引导眼睛运动向目标的延迟.
结论:
- 这些发现表明,通过突出刺激捕捉注意力可能不会直接转化为有效的搜索指导.
- 转移注意力和引导眼睛运动向特定目标的时间成本在自上而下的控制下.
- 在视觉搜索试验的早期,注意力可能处于流动状态,需要时间才能有效地获取目标.
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