提高AI与医生诊断比较的公平性和标准化:一个范围审查
Xun Chen1, Hewen Xu1, Ying Huang2
1School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
International journal of medical informatics
|February 24, 2026
概括
人工智能 (AI) 与医生诊断研究的方法严谨性往往缺乏. 未来的研究需要有前景的设计和透明度,以便可靠地将AI整合到医疗保健中.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 临床研究方法论 临床研究方法论
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 和医生在诊断任务中的直接比较经常忽视方法论的严谨性,而是专注于绩效结果.
- 有大量的文献比较人工智能诊断能力与人类医生的诊断能力.
- 评估这些比较的方法质量对于理解AI真正的临床实用性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估研究的方法质量,直接比较AI和医生在诊断任务中.
- 确定当前研究环境中的关键挑战和局限性.
- 为提高未来人工智能与医生比较的公平性,标准化和临床相关性提出框架.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Scopus和Web of Science进行了系统的文献搜索,寻找2020年1月1日至2025年10月31日之间发表的研究.
- 搜索遵循PRISMA-ScR指南,选了8,851个记录,以确定120项符合直接AI-医生比较的纳入标准的研究.
- 数据提取和叙述合成侧重于研究特征,数据集质量,任务设计,医生配置和报告透明度.
主要成果:
- 在120项审查的研究中观察到显著的方法异质性.
- 常见的问题包括回顾性设计占主导地位 (75.8%),信息不对称 (20.8%),任务设计中的临床相关性有限,医生样本规模小 (60.8%,≤10个读者).
- 还发现了对时间限制的广泛忽视 (50.8%的研究),以及代码和数据可用性的缺乏透明度.
结论:
- 当前人工智能-医生诊断比较研究的方法缺陷破坏了研究结果的有效性和概括性.
- 未来的研究必须优先考虑前性设计,公平的实验条件和提高透明度,以产生可靠的证据.
- 拟议的AI与AI的对比. 医生研究检查清单 (AIPSC) 旨在指导设计和报告更强大的评估,支持负责任的AI集成.
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