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2型糖尿病和血管并发症:关于病理生理学和管理策略的当前观点
Harmanpreet Singh1, Rahul Kumar1, Arshdeep Singh1
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 导致氧化应激和血管并发症. 包括血糖控制和向治疗在内的综合管理对于更好的患者结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学和新陈代谢学
- 心血管研究研究心血管研究
- 糖尿病学 糖尿病学
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 影响全球超过5.37亿成年人,印度对疾病负担作出了重大贡献.
- 高血糖引起的氧化应激是T2DM发病的一个关键因素,它破坏了活性氧物种 (ROS) 的平衡,导致血管损伤.
- 这种氧化应激激活病理途径,促进炎症和糖尿病并发症的发展.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关糖尿病微血管和宏血管并发症的发病和治疗管理的文献.
- 综合当前关于氧化应激对T2DM影响及其在疾病进展中的作用的知识.
主要方法:
- 2010年至2024年间发表的同行评审文章的系统文献综述.
- 在主要的科学数据库中进行的搜索,包括PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,ScienceDirect和谷歌学者.
- 关键词集中在糖尿病并发症,病原和治疗策略上.
主要成果:
- 微血管并发症包括脏病,视网膜病,神经病和性功能障碍.
- 大血管并发症增加了心血管疾病的风险,如冠状动脉疾病,外周动脉疾病,中风和心力衰竭.
- 氧化应激,AGE形成,PKC活性和炎症在这些血管问题的发展中至关重要.
结论:
- 有效的管理需要严格的血糖控制,生活方式的改变和药理干预.
- 关键疗法包括RAAS抑制剂,SGLT2抑制剂,PDE5抑制剂,GLP-1受体激动剂和抗VEGF药物.
- 早期诊断,风险因素管理和量身定制的治疗对于改善患者的治疗结果和减缓疾病进展至关重要.
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