重编程大脑居民巨细胞:从疾病驱动器到神经系统疾病中的治疗盟友
Peng Zhao1, Su-Yi Li2, Qun Liu3
1Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
|February 25, 2026
概括
大脑寄存型巨细胞 (BRMs),包括微质细胞和边界相关巨细胞 (BAMs),是中枢神经系统的关键免疫细胞. 新兴疗法旨在利用它们在神经保护和疾病调节中的双重作用来治疗大脑疾病.
科学领域:
- 神经免疫学 神经免疫学
- 中枢神经系统 (CNS) 免疫力 免疫力
- 神经炎症是一种神经炎症.
背景情况:
- 大脑寄存的巨细胞 (BRMs),包括微质细胞和边界相关的巨细胞 (BAMs),对于中枢神经系统的稳态和免疫是至关重要的.
- 这些细胞起源于胚胎的祖先和自我更新,在神经发育,突触修剪和对受伤或感染的反应中发挥作用.
- 在神经退行性疾病和脑损伤中,BRM具有双重作用,能够通过炎症进行神经保护或加剧神经退行.
研究的目的:
- 阐明BRMs在各种神经疾病中的多方面的作用.
- 探索在阿尔茨海默氏症,帕金森症和多发性硬化症等疾病中的BRM功能背后的分子机制.
- 确定针对神经退行性疾病和脑损伤的BRM可塑性的新兴治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 关于神经发育和疾病中的BRM功能最近研究的综述和综合.
- 对参与BRM介导的神经保护和神经炎症的信号通路的分析 (例如TREM2,CD36-ROS,SPP1).
- 检查针对BRM功能的治疗干预措施,包括炎症酶抑制剂和受体激动剂.
主要成果:
- BRM 显示出取决于情境的作用,清除病理蛋白质 (例如,AD 中的 Aβ),但也对 PD,HD 和 MS 中的炎症反应作出贡献.
- 像TREM2和CD36-ROS这样的特定途径涉及到由微质和BAM分别介导的AD病原体.
- 针对NLRP3炎症酶,TREM2和微质表型的治疗策略显示出对调节BRM活动的希望.
结论:
- BRM是中枢神经系统健康的关键调节者,在神经退行性疾病和脑损伤中具有复杂的作用.
- 了解BRM可塑性及其与外周免疫系统的相互作用是开发有效治疗的关键.
- 未来的治疗方法可能会通过精确调节它们的功能,将BRM转化为治疗神经系统疾病的盟友.
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