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根据语言经验量身定制英语语法测试项目,用于对双语者发展性语言障碍的分类
Amy S Pratt1, Michelle N Ramos2, Elizabeth D Peña2
1University of Cincinnati, OH.
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|February 25, 2026
概括
在只使用英语的双语儿童中诊断发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 是可能的,但测试准确性因英语语言经验而异. 根据孩子的特定L2暴露量量身定制测试可以提高诊断精度.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 语音语言病理学 语言病理学
背景情况:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 影响儿童的语言学习.
- 在双语儿童中诊断DLD存在独特的挑战,因为语言暴露的程度各不相同.
- 仅在孩子的第二语言 (L2) 中评估 DLD 需要仔细考虑语言经验.
研究的目的:
- 评估仅用英语测试的诊断准确性,以确定西班牙语-英语双语儿童的DLD.
- 为了确定是否根据特定的L2 (英语) 经验水平量身定制测试项目,可以改善DLD识别.
- 检查不同程度的英语语言暴露如何影响DLD诊断.
主要方法:
- 378名西班牙语-英语双语儿童 (7-9岁,65岁的DLD) 完成了英语语法测试 (句子重复,cloze任务).
- 根据每周的语言经验,儿童被分组为:高水平的英语,平衡或高水平的西班牙语.
- 测试项目是根据区分值 (> .30) 选择的,并为每个体验组创建了量身定制的复合材料.
主要成果:
- 患有DLD的儿童的得分始终低于通常发育的同龄人.
- 一组单一的测试项目并不能在所有语言暴露组中产生相同的诊断准确性.
- 针对高英语接触量身定制的测试对象在>60%英语接触的儿童中显示出80%的灵敏度和94%的特异性,但在那些具有高西班牙语经验的儿童中仅显示出20%的灵敏度.
结论:
- 虽然两种语言的测试是理想的,但只使用英语进行DLD诊断是可行的.
- 当测试仅限于英语时,应根据孩子的L2 (英语) 经验调整诊断期望.
- 根据L2暴露水平量身定制测试可以提高双语儿童的诊断准确性.
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