医院护士人员不足和患者死亡率,再入院和住院时间
Noriko Morioka1,2, Mutsuko Moriwaki3, Atsushi Miyawaki4
1Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
JAMA network open
|February 25, 2026
概括
护士人员不足,特别是在日班期间,增加了患者的死亡率和再接收风险. 监测每日护士人员配置水平对于改善患者的治疗结果和为人员决策提供信息至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健管理的管理
- 护理劳动力研究 护理劳动力研究
- 患者安全 患者安全
背景情况:
- 更高的护士人员数量与更好的患者结果有关,但总体措施掩盖了偏离典型病房和轮班人员数量的影响.
- 了解护士在病房和班级人员不足的影响对于优化患者护理和医院资源配置至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查24小时,白天班和晚上/夜间班期间与病房规范相比,护士人员不足与患者在医院死亡率,再入院和住院时间 (LOS) 风险之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 这是一项回顾性队列研究,利用日本9家医院82个病房的索赔数据和转班病房名单.
- 护士人员不足被定义为每个病房的平均护士小时/患者日低于每个病房的年均中位数.
- 倾向分数匹配 (PSM) 和多层模型被用于分析来自77,289例住院病人的数据,重点关注住院死亡率,7日和30日再入院,以及LOS.
主要成果:
- 在24小时和日班期间护士人员不足与更高的住院死亡率有关 (P=.02).
- 在24小时期间的人员不足与增加的30天再入院率相关 (P=.01),而白天班次的人员不足与更高的7天再入院率相关 (P=.04).
- 所有评估的护士人员不足期间都与患者显著更长的LOS有关 (所有P<.001).
结论:
- 护士人员不足,特别是在日班期间,与住院死亡率,再入院和长期LOS的风险增加有关.
- 调查结果强调了监测每日护士人员数量的重要性,并实施迅速的干预措施来解决人员不足问题.
- 医疗管理人员应经常评估人员偏差,并调整资源以提高患者的治疗结果和安全.
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