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羊群中Orf病毒的垂直传播及其预防
Ming Pang1, Furqan Munir1, Jin Yao1
1Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Veterinary research
|February 26, 2026
概括
奥尔夫病毒 (ORFV) 可以通过胎盘从母山羊和绵羊传播给新生儿. 孕产妇接种疫苗可以显著降低这种垂直传播,保护易受伤害的年轻动物免受传染性湿疹皮肤炎的侵害.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
- 动物健康 动物健康
背景情况:
- 由Orf病毒 (ORFV) 引起的传染性湿疹皮炎,影响小反动物,并构成动物感染的风险.
- 由于ORFV,新生动物的高发病率和死亡率,传播途径不明.
- 年轻牲畜中ORFV感染带来了重大的经济和动物福利挑战.
研究的目的:
- 调查小反动物中从母体传播到胎儿的移植性Orf病毒 (ORFV) 的假设.
- 在母胎接口组织中确定ORFV的存在和病毒载量.
- 评估母体疫苗接种在预防ORFV垂直传播方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在胎盘骨干和带中分子检测ORFV B2L基因.
- 在母胎组织中的病毒载荷的量化.
- 在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的孕山羊中,ORFV垂直传播率的比较.
主要成果:
- 有证据表明ORFV存在于胎盘骨 (平均10^4.25拷贝/毫克) 和带 (平均10^3.50拷贝/毫克),支持垂直传播.
- 在接种疫苗的母体,带血和新生儿中,ORFV阳性率显著降低.
- 接种疫苗后,ORFV阳性率从母体的90.0%降至56.14%,带血的71.43%降至14.29%,新生儿的36.67%降至0%.
结论:
- 垂直传播是Orf病毒 (ORFV) 感染新生小反动物的重要和以前被低估的途径.
- 孕产妇接种疫苗对于减轻易受感染的新生山羊和羊羔ORFV感染风险至关重要.
- 了解和控制垂直传播是管理牲畜群体传染性湿疹皮炎的关键.
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