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相关概念视频

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling
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Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling

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通过双重内部核糖体入口点提高循环RNA翻译效率.

Yawen Sun1, Yimin Zhang2, Weijie Chen2

  • 1College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.

Biology
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

循环RNAs (circRNAs) 提供稳定的药物输送. 双内部核糖体进入部位 (IRES) 策略提高了circRNA的翻译效率,克服了治疗应用上限独立表达的局限性.

关键词:
这是一种EMCV EMCV.这里是IRES IRES.环RNA 环RNA 是一个环RNA.翻译效率 翻译效率 翻译效率

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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 药物输送系统 药物输送系统

背景情况:

  • 循环RNA (circRNA) 是一种稳定,非编码的RNA分子,具有作为药物输送载体的潜力.
  • circRNAs缺乏5'盖,依赖于内部核糖体进入点 (IRES) 来启动翻译,这比依赖盖的翻译效率低.
  • 增强circRNA翻译对于最大限度地提高其治疗疗效至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种提高circRNA翻译效率的策略.
  • 为了研究双IRES系统对circRNAs的cap-independent翻译的有效性.
  • 为了确定最佳的IRES元素,以改善circRNA表达.

主要方法:

  • 设计和制造了采用双IRES策略的circRNA分子.
  • 测试了各种IRES元素,重点关注来自脑肌心炎病毒 (EMCV) 家族的元素.
  • 评估了不同IRES组合的工程circRNAs的翻译活性和表达水平.

主要成果:

  • 与单个IRES元素相比,双IRES策略显著增强了circRNA翻译.
  • 来自EMCV的IRES元素,特别是当与5'IRES协调在编码序列 (CDS) 的3'放置时,显示出最佳增强.
  • 确定的双IRES组合与多个编码序列兼容.

结论:

  • 双IRES策略是促进circRNA转化的一种有效方法.
  • 这种方法克服了circRNAs中cap独立翻译的固有局限性.
  • 这些发现为开发增强的基于circRNA的疗法和输送系统提供了有价值的工具.