德国最常见的处方药的口服副作用
Frank Halling1, Rainer Lutz1, Axel Meisgeier1
1Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg and Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
Dentistry journal
|February 26, 2026
概括
许多常见的药物会导致口服副作用,如口腔干燥和口味变化. 抗抑郁药,抗生素和止痛药对口服药物不良反应 (ADR) 的风险最高.
科学领域:
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 口腔医学是指口腔医学.
- 药品安全 药品安全
背景情况:
- 调查经常处方药和口服药物不良反应 (ADRs) 之间的联系.
- 评估与常见药物相关的口服副作用的患病率和严重程度.
研究的目的:
- 分析和量化德国100种最常被处方的药物的口服副作用.
- 为风险评估制定一个"口服副作用评分" (OSES).
主要方法:
- 德国使用"PharMaAnalyst"数据库编制的100种最常被处方的药物 (2023年).
- 从患者信息传单中分析口服不良反应,按频率加权 (非常常见,常见,不常见,罕见).
- 计算每个药物的"口服副作用评分" (OSES).
主要成果:
- 在被审查的49种药物中,有65%出现了口服的副作用.
- Xerostomia (口腔干燥) 和 dysgeusia (口味改变) 是最常见的口腔副作用 (37%).
- 抗抑郁药,抗生素和止痛药显示了最高的OSES;阿齐思罗米辛, gabapentin 和 普雷加巴林 具有最高的个体得分.
结论:
- 很大一部分经常被处方的药物会引起口服副作用.
- 接受多种药物治疗的患者有较高的异口症和异口症的风险.
- 某些药物类别 (抗生素,止痛药,抗抑郁药) 需要仔细监测,因为它们有可能产生多种口服不良反应.
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