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相关概念视频

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants
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使用混合表面活性剂系统优化从土壤中提取碳化合物.

Emilio Ritoré1, Carmen Arnaiz1, José Morillo1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.

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概括

使用表面活性剂洗的土壤修复通过结合阳离子和非阳离子表面活性剂来增强. 混合物显著改善了污染土壤中的碳化合物去除,提供了更有效的循环经济解决方案.

关键词:
碳化合物是一种碳化合物.碳化合物的微分.石油 石油 石油 石油 石油土壤冲洗冲洗土壤冲洗土壤整治土壤整治土壤整治

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科学领域:

  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 土壤修复土壤的修复.
  • 绿色化学 绿色化学

背景情况:

  • 碳化合物污染在工业环境中构成了重大环境挑战.
  • 表面活性剂洗是土壤修复的关键技术,使得碳化合物提取和促进循环经济原则.
  • 优化表面活性剂混合物可以提高土壤洗过程的效率.

研究的目的:

  • 评估离子和非离子表面活性剂混合物在修复碳化合物污染的土壤中的有效性.
  • 为了比较表面活性剂混合物与单一表面活性剂的性能,用于汽油和柴油燃料的去除.
  • 分析表面活性剂混合物对不同碳化合物分数和分子大小的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用四种表面活性剂进行了土壤洗实验:聚氧乙烯瑞尔乙烯,聚氧乙烯 (80) 酸单 (非离子),二甲二硫酸盐和二甲二硫酸盐 (离子).
  • 准备的二二硫酸盐与两个非离子表面活性剂的混合物.
  • 分析了汽油和柴油燃料中的异质和芳香碳化合物 (C6-C35) 分数,以确定去除率.

主要成果:

  • 与单独的二二硫酸盐相比,表面活性剂混合物显示出明显更高的碳化合物去除率.
  • 二甲基二硫酸盐和聚氧乙烯瑞乙烯的混合物获得了61%-68%的提取率;与聚氧乙烯 (80) 基单酸盐的混合物获得了58%-66%的提取率.
  • 通过表面活性剂混合物观察到和芳香碳化合物的提取,特别是较轻的化合物.

结论:

  • 阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的组合在碳化合物土壤修复方面比单个表面活性剂更有效.
  • 八醇-水分割系数 (Kow) 可能会影响不同碳化合物范围的去除速率.
  • 这些发现支持优化表面活性剂冲洗处理,以提高土壤修复效率.