常规接种疫苗的及时性,追赶完成和中国特殊医疗需求儿童的免疫功能:一项回顾性队列研究
Yuyuan Zeng1,2, Xihan Li3, Yu Tian2
1Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China.
Vaccines
|February 26, 2026
概括
在中国,有特殊医疗需求的儿童在国家免疫计划疫苗的准时接种率要低得多. 诸如护理人员的担忧和工作人员的犹等障碍妨碍了追赶免疫接种,影响了免疫功能.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 在中国,有特殊医疗需求的儿童在及时接种疫苗方面面临重大挑战.
- 关于不同疾病群体和疫苗类型的疫苗接种差异以及这一群体的免疫功能存在有限的数据.
研究的目的:
- 评估中国中华人群中国家免疫计划 (NIP) 疫苗的及时接种率和追赶完成情况.
- 将CSHCNs中的免疫指数与已确定的儿科参考范围进行比较.
- 识别疫苗接种障碍和影响免疫状态的因素.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性队列研究使用了链接的电子病历,疫苗接种记录和后续调查问卷.
- 及时接种疫苗是根据NIP剂量定义进行评估的,并评估了追赶完成.
- 用统计分析 (ANOVA,克鲁斯卡尔-瓦利斯,奇平方,费舍尔精确测试) 将细胞,幽默和补充免疫指数与儿科参考范围进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 所有NIP疫苗的及时接种率明显低于国家基准 (p < 0.001),日本脑炎病毒 (JE) 和含麻疹疫苗 (MCV) 的完成率最低.
- 护理人员的担忧和医疗保健提供者的犹是追赶疫苗接种的主要障碍.
- 与患有神经和免疫疾病的婴儿相比,患有新生儿/产周和传染病的婴儿的免疫球蛋白A (IgA) 和IgG水平较低 (p <0.05).
结论:
- 中国的CSHCN面临着巨大的免疫障碍,随着疫苗和潜在条件的变化,及时性和追赶率发生了显著变化.
- 新生儿/围产期疾病与早年疫苗接种延迟不成比例.
- 改善疫苗接种覆盖率需要针对疾病的具体指导方针,加强临床协调,免疫监测和对这一脆弱群体的支持政策.
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