城市免疫接种可扩展的脊髓灰质炎-EPI协同模式:在巴基斯坦拉合尔的劳动力整合后,覆盖率增加
Imtiaz Hussain1,2, Naeem Majeed3, Ali Jan Khan4
1Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
Vaccines
|February 26, 2026
概括
拉合尔城市的常规免疫接种覆盖率通过吸引脊髓灰质炎工作人员进行外展活动而显著改善. 这一战略表明,它有望在服务不足的城市地区缩小儿童疫苗接种缺口.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的城市地区经常面临免疫接种不足的儿童,尽管总体接种率高于农村地区.
- 巴基斯坦拉合尔面临着较低的常规免疫覆盖率 (70%在2022年完全免疫),特别是在城市贫民窟,需要创新的干预措施.
- 2023年的一项干预利用了现有的脊髓灰质炎根除工作人员来识别和接种错过常规免疫接种的儿童.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估在拉合尔的城市人口中常规免疫覆盖率的变化.
- 评估吸引脊髓灰质炎运动工作人员来支持常规免疫服务的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个前后评估设计,涉及两个跨截面家庭调查 (2022年基线,2023年后续) 的孩子年龄为12-23个月.
- 利用脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种小组的门对门宣传策略来记录免疫状态.
- 采用两阶段集群采样和世卫组织标准方法,通过卡片或护理人员回忆验证疫苗接种状态.
主要成果:
- 全免疫覆盖率从69.8%增加到85.1%,Penta-3 (83.2%至94.1%) 和麻疹-1 (76.9%至92.1%) 覆盖率有显著改善.
- 未接种疫苗的儿童比例从3.3%降至0.3%,部分免疫率从26.9%降至14.5%.
- 在所有社会人口群体中都观察到改善,在郊区和低社会经济集群中产生了显著影响.
结论:
- 城市拉合尔的常规免疫覆盖率在2022年至2023年间显著改善,这与脊髓灰质炎工作者外展和COVID-19后恢复相吻合.
- 虽然研究设计表明时间关联而不是最终因果关系,由于缺乏对照组.
- 将脊髓灰质炎计划工作人员纳入常规免疫接种中,是一个有希望的策略,用于解决城市LMICs的免疫缺口.
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