日本透析启动的最新趋势:以北海道为例的特定区域描述性分析
Hirofumi Sakuma1, Megumi Matsumoto1, Yusuke Kanno1
1Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan.
Clinical and experimental nephrology
|February 26, 2026
概括
在日本,透析启动率正在转变,北海道在大多数条件下显示的比全国趋势更低的率. 然而,老年人中硬化症的增加需要针对性的区域干预措施.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 透析患者数量的增加在日本构成了公共卫生挑战.
- 虽然慢性淋巴结膜炎 (CGN) 和糖尿病病 (DKD) 相关的透析启动情况正在下降,但与硬化相关的启动情况正在上升.
- 日本的北海道被选中,以调查透析启动趋势的区域差异.
研究的目的:
- 分析日本各地透析启动率的区域差异.
- 为了比较北海道和日本其他地区由于CGN,DKD和硬化症开始透析的趋势.
- 确定影响透析启动的特定人口和疾病相关因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了基于网络的全国数据库,用于40岁及以上的透析患者,在2012年至2021年期间开始治疗.
- 根据年龄,性别和潜在疾病计算透析启动率.
- 评估时间变化,使用2021/2016年各县启动率的比率.
主要成果:
- 北海道显示,所有年龄组的DKD相关透析启动率都在下降,与80岁以上男性的全国增长形成鲜明对比.
- 与硬化相关的发病率在全国和北海道的老年人中增加,北海道的增长更为渐进.
- 与CGN相关的利率在全国和北海道持续下降.
- 与CGN或DKD相比,在硬化症中观察到较高的2021/2016比率 (≥1),特别是在老年人群中.
结论:
- 与大多数子组的全国趋势相比,北海道的透析启动率普遍下降.
- 老年人中硬化发病率的上升凸显了在县级采取具体干预措施的必要性.
- 病进展和透析开始的区域差异需要进一步调查和量身定制的公共卫生战略.
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