从出生到青春期的认知轨迹的早期预测因素在极其早产的儿童中
Stephen R Hooper1, Robert M Joseph2, T Michael O Shea3
1Departments of Health Sciences and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Developmental medicine and child neurology
|February 26, 2026
概括
极度早产儿的认知发展受到社会劣势,男性性别,支气管肺功能障碍 (BPD),白质损伤 (WMI) 和炎症的影响. 解决这些因素可能会改善长期的认知结果.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 新生儿科学 新生儿科学
背景情况:
- 极度早产对神经发育构成重大风险.
- 这种人群的认知轨迹的纵向数据对于理解发育模式至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 预测从2岁到15岁的极度早产儿童的认知能力轨迹.
- 为了确定影响这些认知轨迹的早期生活因素.
主要方法:
- 在659名极度早产婴儿 (怀孕23-27周) 的纵向队列研究中.
- 在2岁,10岁和15岁时进行认知评估.
- 分析包括孕产妇/新生儿因素,并发症和炎症标志物.
主要成果:
- 社会劣势,男性性别,较低的妊娠年龄 (23-24周),支气管肺功能失调 (BPD),白质损伤 (WMI) 和新生儿炎症蛋白质升高与较低的认知评分有关.
- 观察到WMI对认知的负面影响,而不考虑社会劣势.
- 社会劣势对没有WMI的儿童的认知结果产生了更大的影响.
结论:
- 社会劣势,男性性别,BPD,WMI和新生儿炎症与极度早产儿童的认知增长速度较慢有关.
- 早期的WMI调节了社会劣势和认知功能之间的关系.
- 针对新生儿疾病和社会因素的干预措施对于改善认知结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
615
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
615
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
947
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
947
01:30Information Processing Approach
654
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
654
01:21The Nativist Approach
500
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
500
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
1.0K
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
1.0K
01:28Relationship with Parents: Attachment
294
Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
294