在50岁以上的人群中,健康工作预期寿命的趋势及其根据工作负载组的差异:纵向视角
Jingxuan Ma1, Yuzhen Pingcuo, XiaoKe Jin
1West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041. lanyajia@sina.com.
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
|February 26, 2026
概括
延长工作寿命是减少健康工作年. 无论是身体上的还是心理上的工作要求都会对健康工作寿命 (HWLE) 产生负面影响,这凸显了工作场所干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 延长工作寿命是一个关键的政策目标,但其对人口健康的影响仍然不清楚.
- 了解工作,健康和寿命之间的相互作用对于有效的政策至关重要.
- 以前的研究还没有完全阐明延长工作寿命对健康的长期后果.
研究的目的:
- 调查身体和心理工作负载对50岁健康工作预期寿命 (HWLE),工作预期寿命 (WLE) 和总寿命 (TLE) 的长期影响.
- 分析初始健康工作状态如何影响这些预期寿命.
- 为了检查这些影响跨不同的时间队伍和工作负载水平.
主要方法:
- 利用美国50岁及以上成年人健康与退休研究 (1992-2022) 的数据.
- 使用连续时间马尔科夫模型的多状态生命表方法.
- 模拟健康和就业状态之间的过渡强度,按工作负载分层.
主要成果:
- 在研究期间,工作寿命 (WLE) 增加,而总寿命 (TLE) 略有下降.
- 在所有群体中,健康工作预期寿命 (HWLE) 显著下降.
- 较高的体力劳动量缩短了WLE和HWLE;较高的心理劳动量减少了健康的工作年,特别是在那些事先有健康问题的人群中.
结论:
- 延长工作寿命是以牺牲健康岁月为代价实现的.
- 无论是身体上的还是心理上的工作负载,都会对健康的工作生活产生不利影响.
- 工作场所干预迫切需要保护工人健康,特别是在苛刻的工作中.
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