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相关概念视频

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
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在自然和人工语言处理中的范围解释.

Shaohua Fang1, Jacky He2, Xinmiao Liu3

  • 1Department of English, Purdue University, USA.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

英语和中文的量化器范围处理显示反向范围更难. 工作记忆影响离线解释,大型语言模型部分模拟人类的句子处理.

关键词:
这是跨语言的.语言模型 语言模型实时处理实时处理.解释范围范围的解释工作记忆 工作记忆

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科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学
  • 认知科学 认知科学

背景情况:

  • 了解量化器范围对于句子解释至关重要.
  • 处理量化句子的跨语言差异仍然是一个活跃的研究领域.
  • 大型语言模型 (LLM) 为模拟人类语言处理提供了新的途径.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较反向与表面范围的处理成本,用英语和中文.
  • 调查工作记忆 (WM) 在量化器范围解释中的作用.
  • 为了评估LLM与人类句子处理模式的对齐.

主要方法:

  • 对人类参与者进行自律的阅读和理解问题.
  • 与自动回归的LLM (GPT-2,BLOOM,Qwen2.5) 的基于surprisal的测量结果进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 反向范围解释造成了更高的处理成本,并且更难以获得.
  • 中国人对表面范围的偏好比英语更强.
  • 工作内存调节离线解释,但不是实时处理.
  • LLM捕获了全球范围的解释模式,其中Qwen2.5-0.5B与英语人体数据相对应最强.

结论:

  • 在范围可访问性方面存在跨语言的不对称性.
  • 实时处理和离线解释涉及不同的认知需求.
  • 在模拟人类的句子处理方面,LLM显示出潜力,但存在局限性.