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关于减少水生活动的军事课程中溺水事故的建议
David Szpilman1, Michael Tipton2, Lucia Eneida Rodrigues1,3
1Brazilian Lifesaving Society - SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
BMJ military health
|February 26, 2026
概括
由于低估和不安全的做法,军事水上训练面临很高的溺水风险. 这项研究提供了基于证据的建议,以减少军事课程中的致命溺水事件,重点关注事件前,事件和事件后的战略.
科学领域:
- 军事医学 军事医学
- 水上安全水上安全.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 溺水是军事水上训练中死亡的重要原因,特别是在巴西.
- 低估风险和不安全的做法有助于这些事件.
- 关于溺水因素和预防的系统数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 制定基于证据的技术建议,以减少军事水上训练中的致命溺水事件.
- 在军事课程中建立一个结构化的水上安全框架.
主要方法:
- 使用了涉及16名水安全专家的德尔菲方法.
- 文献审查和对已记录的溺水病例的分析为这一过程提供了信息.
- 通过专家共识制定和完善建议,并根据溺水时间表模型 (事件前,事件后,事件后) 进行结构化.
主要成果:
- 在溺水事件的三个阶段制定了14个基于共识的建议.
- 主要建议包括加强教练培训,参与者查,改善安全基础设施和协调应急响应.
- 这些措施旨在减轻风险,培养安全文化,并确保有效的紧急干预.
结论:
- 巴西水上救援协会 (Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático) 的建议提供了一个切实可行的框架,以减少在军事训练中的致命溺水事件.
- 实施需要根据特定的单位环境进行调整,并进行持续的审查和协议更新.
- 这些建议旨在提高军事水生环境的整体安全标准.
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