风险计算回路异常加上心理社会风险变量预测了青年有外部化障碍的有问题的物质使用情况
Paola P Mattey-Mora1,2, Olivia K Murray3,4,5, Joseph Aloi3,4
1Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. pamattey@iu.edu.
概括
将风险决策期间的大脑活动与心理社会因素相结合,可以准确预测青少年吸毒. 这种多维方法改善了早期识别处于风险的年轻人.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 青年问题性物质使用是一个重大问题.
- 现有的研究将大脑区域与物质使用联系起来,但缺乏对决策过程的洞察力.
- 心理社会和环境风险因素在预测模型中的整合是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 调查前未使用毒品的高风险儿童在危险决策过程中的大脑激活是否预测青少年有问题的物质使用.
- 评估神经活动,心理社会因素及其组合的预测价值.
主要方法:
- 功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 和气球模拟风险任务 (BART) 用于95名高风险年轻人 (平均年龄11.7岁).
- 具有成本敏感性的后勤回归模型包括关键区域和心理社会变量 (家族病史,家长监测,暴力暴露) 的大脑激活.
- 模型根据人口统计和临床因素进行调整.
主要成果:
- 仅心理社会因素就显示出适度的预测准确性 (AUC=0.76).
- 仅仅神经激活的预测准确性很差 (AUCs=0.60-0.67).
- 结合心理社会和神经因素显著改善了预测 (AUCs=0.83-0.86),显示出良好的特异性和相当敏感性.
结论:
- 风险评估,奖励反应和感官整合区域中的神经活动,以及心理社会因素,预测了以后的有问题的物质使用.
- 综合神经和心理社会数据的多维模型对于早期识别处于使用物质风险较高的年轻人非常有价值.
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