对食物过敏原和克罗地亚儿童食物过敏患病率的年龄,性别和区域特定模式:H2020 IMPTOX和ERDF P4研究结果
Jan Pantlik1, Marcel Lipej2, Ivana Banić1,3
1Department of Medical Research, Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
概括
克罗地亚儿童中过敏敏感性很常见,影响了41%,但它很难预测实际的食物过敏. 这凸显了对更好的诊断工具和针对儿童食物过敏的有针对性的预防策略的需求.
科学领域:
- 儿科过敏和免疫学
- 过敏疾病的流行病学
- 临床免疫学临床免疫学
背景情况:
- 食物过敏 (FA) 对儿童来说是一个重大的健康挑战,通常会导致营养不良,并且由于限制性饮食而影响生活质量.
- 基于人口的数据,将过敏原敏感化与儿童临床食物过敏联系起来是有限的.
- 了解敏感度和患病率的区域差异对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定克罗地亚儿童对食物过敏原的敏感性和临床食物过敏的流行程度.
- 分析基于年龄,性别和地理区域的敏感度和患病率的差异.
- 评估过敏敏感化和被诊断出食物过敏之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及克罗地亚三个地区1948名学龄前和学龄儿童的横截面研究.
- 皮肤刺痛检测常见的食物和吸入剂过敏原.
- 通过问卷和医疗记录收集数据,通过自我报告 (学龄) 和医生诊断 (学龄前) 评估FA患病率.
主要成果:
- 总体敏感率为41%,其中13%对食物过敏原敏感. 树木坚果 (子),蛋,牛奶和鱼是常见的敏感剂.
- 与女孩和学龄前儿童相比,男孩和学龄儿童分别显示出更高的敏感化和多敏感化率.
- 敏感化和临床食物过敏之间的一致性很低 (学龄儿童的κ=0.22,学龄前儿童的κ=0.13),尽管特异性很高.
结论:
- 克罗地亚儿童中过敏敏感性很普遍,但不是临床显著食物过敏的强烈预测因素.
- 这些发现强调了儿科过敏原敏感化的复杂性.
- 改善诊断准确度,有针对性的预防和持续监测对于优化儿童食物过敏的管理至关重要.
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