早期HCMV-HIV联合感染的长影:流行病学,发病性和免疫后果
Camilla Albano1, Francesca Gugliesi1, Greta Bajetto1
1Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
概括
人类细胞巨乳病毒 (HCMV) 和人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 在儿童的同时感染可能会导致严重的健康问题. 本综述考察了它们的流行病学,临床影响和相互作用,突出了知识差距.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 人类细胞巨乳病毒 (HCMV) 和人体免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 经常同时感染新生儿,特别是那些出生于艾滋病毒感染母亲的新生儿.
- 从历史上看,HCMV共感染会使儿童的艾滋病毒发病情况恶化,但抗逆转录病毒疗法已经改变了这种情况.
- 新出现的证据表明,持续的HCMV驱动的免疫激活和衰老,有助于非艾滋病并发症.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前关于儿科群体早期HCMV-HIV共感染的流行病学,临床影响和免疫病原遗传相互作用的知识.
- 将最近的发现与历史证据相结合,以确定关键的研究差距.
- 了解HCMV影响HIV易感性和进展的协同机制.
主要方法:
- 文献综述将最近的发现与历史证据相结合.
- 对新生儿中HCMV-HIV同时感染的流行病学数据的分析.
- 检查免疫病原遗传机制和临床结果.
主要成果:
- HCMV共感染显著影响艾滋病毒感染的儿童,历史上与严重疾病和死亡率有关.
- 抗逆转录病毒疗法减少了严重的HCMV疾病,但HCMV仍然可能导致免疫激活和衰老.
- 先天性/早期产后HCMV感染在暴露于HIV但未感染 (HEU) 的新生儿中更常见,并与更糟糕的结果相关.
结论:
- 早期的HCMV-HIV共感染对儿科患者群体构成重大风险,复杂的相互作用会影响疾病的进展.
- 需要进一步的研究来解决关键的机制和流行病学差距,以了解HCMV-HIV共感染.
- 在有效的抗逆转录病毒治疗的背景下,HCMV在艾滋病毒易感性,疾病进展和免疫失调方面发挥着作用.
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