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针对非肌肉侵入性膀癌的免疫疗法的最新进展

Abby L Grier¹, Jeffrey Y Zhong², Spyridon Basourakos³

¹School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

|February 27, 2026

概括

由于复发和Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 缺乏,非肌肉侵入性膀癌 (NMIBC) 需要新的治疗方法. 免疫疗法为BCG不响应的NMIBC提供了有希望的替代方案,改善了患者的治疗结果.

科学领域:

泌尿器科泌尿器科泌尿器科泌尿器科
在瘤学瘤学.
免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.

背景情况:

非肌肉侵入性膀癌 (NMIBC) 占膀癌诊断的75% .
高复发率和进展率需要密集监测和治疗.
Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 是高风险NMIBC的标准,但存在短缺和副作用.

研究的目的:

审查NMIBC的静脉内和全身免疫疗法的进展.
突出正在进行的临床试验和新兴的治疗选择.
讨论试验设计,测序,疗效和安全方面的争议.

主要方法:

对最近的临床试验和FDA批准的免疫疗法进行叙述性审查.
对BCG不响应的NMIBC治疗结果的分析.
讨论激进囊切除的治疗替代方案.

主要成果:

几种静脉内和全身免疫疗法已在BCG不响应的NMIBC中显示出有效性.
美国食品和药物管理局批准的药物包括纳多法拉基因firadenovec,诺格潘德基因α-inbakicept和pembrolizumab.
目前正在进行的试验继续扩大治疗选择,并研究新的组合.

结论:

免疫疗法代表了NMIBC管理的重大进步,特别是在BCG耐药病例中.
鉴于其对生活质量的影响,激进囊切除的替代方案至关重要.
需要进一步的研究来优化治疗顺序和比较疗效.

关键词:

巴西勒斯卡尔梅特-盖林菌膀癌:膀癌是一种癌症.免疫检查点抑制剂免疫检查点抑制剂免疫疗法免疫疗法通过静脉内治疗治疗.膀癌是非肌肉侵入性的膀癌.膀瘤的通过尿道切除.

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