生物信息学中的图形学习:图形神经网络架构的调查,生物图形构建和生物信息学应用
Lijia Deng1, Ziyang Dong2, Zhengling Yang3
1Clinical Medical Research Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
Biomolecules
|February 27, 2026
概括
图形神经网络 (GNN) 为分析复杂的生物数据提供了强大的工具. 本综述为生物信息学中应用GNN提供了一个框架,涵盖图形构造,架构和应用.
科学领域:
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 生物系统数据,包括蛋白质相互作用网络和多omics数据,具有固有的非欧几里德结构.
- 图形神经网络 (GNN) 擅长建模这些关系生物学数据集,捕捉传统方法错过的复杂依赖关系.
- 在生物信息学中,GNN的有效性取决于图形构造,参数化和训练策略.
研究的目的:
- 为理解和应用生物信息学中的GNN提供一个结构化的框架.
- 巩固关于图形构造,GNN架构及其在生物医学研究中的应用知识.
- 检查关键的培训考虑和现场新出现的挑战.
主要方法:
- 对生物信息学中GNN方法的全面审查.
- 基于图形构造和表示,架构表述 (光谱/空间) 和特定模型 (GCN,GAT,GraphSAGE,GIN) 的 GNN 的分类.
- 探索疾病基因关联,药物发现,蛋白质分析,多omics集成和生物医学知识图的应用,以及培训考虑.
主要成果:
- 由于其对关系数据建模的能力,GNN对于各种生物信息学任务非常有效.
- 该综述综合了方法论基础和特定领域的应用,澄清了图形质量,架构和培训动态之间的相互作用.
- 讨论了关键的GNN架构及其适用于不同生物数据类型的适用性.
结论:
- 在生物信息学中有效地应用GNN需要仔细考虑图形构造,模型架构和培训策略.
- 新出现的挑战包括模拟时间过程,增强可解释性和多式联络数据融合.
- 本综述提供了利用GNN在计算生物学中的路线图,并强调了未来的研究方向.
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