海南土著猪品种的遗传多样性和种群结构通过微卫星和mtDNA D-Loop分析揭示
Yushan Cui1,2, Maosong Wu1,2, Xiaolei Ding1,2
1Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|February 27, 2026
概括
海南土著猪表现出高度的遗传多样性和独特的种群结构,而托猪形成了一个独特的血统. 这些遗传数据对于这些有价值的猪品种的有效保护策略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 保护遗传学 保护遗传学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 海南土著猪种面临杂交,疾病和遗传评估不足的威胁.
- 迫切需要对遗传多样性进行评估,以指导对这些宝贵的牲畜资源的保护工作.
研究的目的:
- 研究海南五种土著猪品种的遗传多样性和种群结构.
- 为有效的生殖细胞保护策略提供科学数据.
主要方法:
- 微观卫星基因型定型147个个体,分布在7个种群中,代表5个品种.
- 线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 104个个体的D循环测序.
- 使用粮农组织推的17种微观卫星标记物和遗传学方法 (UPGMA,PCoA,STRUCTURE,NJ) 进行分析.
主要成果:
- 观察到高遗传多样性,武吉山猪显示的最高 (He = 0.666).
- 种群之间显著的遗传差异化 (Fst),在种群内有87.32%的变化.
- 聚类分析揭示了两个不同的分类,将Duntou亚种群与其他品种分开.
- mtDNA D-循环测序确定了12个单元型 (Hd = 0.688) 和低核酸多样性 (π = 0.00193).
- 灵高猪没有表现出任何遗传变异,而图和武士山猪具有最高的单元型多样性.
结论:
- 海南猪具有很高的整体遗传多样性和明显的种群分歧.
- 托猪在中国的土著猪中代表了一个独特的遗传血统.
- 保护优先事项应包括Duntou和Wuzhishan猪,并努力恢复Lingao猪的遗传变异.
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