长期COVID的免疫病原发生中的补充系统失调:系统证据综合
Kin Israel Notarte1, Jesus Alfonso Catahay2, Jacqueline Veronica Velasco3
1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Biomedicines
|February 27, 2026
概括
长期的COVID可能涉及持久的免疫补充系统问题,其中一些激活标记物升高,但发现是混合的. 需要进一步的研究来证实补充失调和长期COVID症状之间的联系.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 系统审查是系统的审查.
背景情况:
- 长期COVID是SARS-CoV-2感染后残疾的一个重要原因.
- 长期COVID背后的精确机制仍然不完全理解.
- 免疫补充系统的失调是导致长期COVID的拟议机制.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合当前关于长期COVID患者补充激活的证据.
- 评估长期补充激活在长期COVID病理生理学中的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL和Embase数据库中进行了系统的电子搜索.
- 调查后COVID-19条件中的补充激活的研究被纳入到2025年10月15日.
- 纽卡斯尔-太华尺度被用于包括的研究的偏差风险和质量评估.
主要成果:
- 分析了11项高质量的研究,涉及1435名长期COVID患者和1124名对照.
- 异质的发现显示了古典,替代和终端补充通路中的 elevated标记.
- 一些补充标志物 (C3,C4,C4d,MBL,MASP1-C1INH) 在两组之间没有显著差异.
结论:
- 有证据表明,长期COVID中可能存在长期的补充系统失调,但由于异质性,临床意义仍在争论中.
- 特定的长期COVID症状集群,如疲劳和脑雾,可能与明显的补体失调模式相关.
- 方法上的异质性需要进一步研究,以阐明连接补体失调与长期COVID的机制.
相关概念视频
01:27Complement System
11.3K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
11.3K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.2K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.2K
01:20COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
2.0K
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
2.0K
01:19Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions
64
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
64
02:50Conjugated Proteins
29.5K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
29.5K
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
4.9K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
4.9K