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HCCA-SAFE:一种混合级联控制架构,用于安全关键的汽车SoC中基于FPGA的故障注入

Jiajun He¹, Yuanhao Zhang², Weijie Lu²

¹School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.

|February 27, 2026

概括

一个新的混合级联故障注入控制器架构 (HCCA-SAFE) 增强了汽车系统芯片 (SoC) 的功能安全验证. 这种可扩展的设计显著改善了时间和路由性,这对于可靠的硬件故障检测至关重要.

科学领域:

电气工程电气工程
计算机工程计算机工程
半导体设备物理半导体设备物理

背景情况:

汽车系统芯片 (SoC) 需要严格的功能安全验证 (例如,ISO 26262),以确保对硬件故障的可靠性.
基于FPGA的故障注入是一种具有成本效益的验证方法,但传统的仪器仪表方法与现代汽车SoC中的高故障密度作斗争.
可扩展性和时间性能是复杂SoC现有故障注入技术的关键局限性.

研究的目的:

提出一种新的混合级联故障注入控制器架构 (HCCA-SAFE),解决汽车SoC中故障注入的可扩展性和时间挑战.
提高复杂嵌入式系统的功能安全验证的效率和稳定性.
为了减少净延迟和控制信号失效,同时保持与软件模拟相比的准确性.

主要方法:

开发HCCA-SAFE架构,具有受限制的启用信号集群宽度和跨级联阶段的分布式控制.
在多个开源RISC-V处理器核心 (openE902,openE906,openC906) 上实施和评估HCCA-SAFE.
对比HCCA-SAFE的性能 (净延迟, fanout,加速度) 与传统的集中和变速链故障注入方法以及基于软件的RTL模拟.

主要成果:

在openE902上,HCCA-SAFE显著降低了净延迟 (从27.276 ns降至22.535 ns),并且对现有方法进行了32.2%和63.8%的改进.
在openE906和openC906上,与传统方法相比,HCCA-SAFE显著减少了净延迟和最大控制信号输出.
实现了显著的加速度因子 (127×到2123×),结果与基于软件的RTL模拟一致,表明高效率和精度.

结论:

拟议的HCCA-SAFE架构为大型汽车SoC中的故障注入控制提供了一个可扩展和时间稳定的解决方案.
HCCA-SAFE有效地减轻了与高故障密度相关的可扩展性问题,并改善了整体验证性能.
该架构提供了一种实用和高效的方法,以满足汽车电子产品中严格的功能安全标准.

关键词:

在FPGA中,FPGA是指FPGA.这就是RISC-V的风险.错误注入的错误注入方式功能安全功能安全的功能安全.

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