传染病中的维生素D:以COVID-19,长期COVID和流感为重点的叙述性审查
Olga Adriana Caliman-Sturdza1,2, Roxana Elena Gheorghita1, Iuliana Soldanescu3
1Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania.
Nutrients
|February 27, 2026
概括
维护足够的维生素D水平可以支持对抗COVID-19和流感等呼吸道病毒的免疫弹性. 虽然不是一种独立的治疗方法,但足够的维生素D可以降低感染风险和严重程度,特别是在缺乏维生素D的人群中.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 维生素D是一种二类激素,对骨健康至关重要,并且越来越多地被认为具有免疫调节功能.
- 它在传染病中的作用,包括COVID-19,长期COVID和流感,正在积极调查中.
- 维生素D影响了先天性和适应性免疫反应.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关维生素D对COVID-19,长期COVID和流感的免疫学,临床和预防作用的现有证据.
- 探索维生素D在病毒感染的背景下调节免疫功能的机制.
主要方法:
- 这项研究是对现有科学文献的叙事性审查.
- 它综合了观察性研究,元分析和随机对照试验 (RCT) 的发现.
主要成果:
- 维生素D通过抗微生物增强先天免疫力,并通过影响T细胞反应来调节适应性免疫力.
- 观察性研究将维生素D缺乏与严重的COVID-19联系起来,尽管因果关系仍有争议.
- 补充剂可能会减少COVID-19的ICU入院和通风需求,特别是在维生素D不足的老年人中.
- 维生素D状态不足可能会增加长期COVID风险和症状严重程度.
- 有机试验表明,维生素D补充剂适度降低了流感感染风险,特别是在缺乏维生素D的人群中.
结论:
- 维持足够的维生素D水平是一种低风险的策略,以支持对呼吸道病毒感染的免疫弹性.
- 维生素D不是COVID-19的独立治疗方法,但建议为一般健康提供足够的状态.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定长期COVID关联的因果关系.
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