跨文化营养表观基因组学:饮食和微生物组相互作用塑造了阿拉伯和西方人口的2型糖尿病
Tarek Arabi1, Arshiya Akbar1, Ahmed Yaqinuddin1
1College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients
|February 27, 2026
概括
2型糖尿病 (T2D) 在中东和北非地区非常普遍. 饮食变化会影响肠道微生物和表观遗传学,通过饮食-微生物组-表观基因组轴影响T2D风险.
科学领域:
- 营养表观遗传学
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
- 代谢性疾病 代谢性疾病
背景情况:
- 与西方人口 (~9-10%) 相比,中东和北非 (MENA) 地区的2型糖尿病 (T2D) 患病率明显高 (~17-18%) .
- 阿拉伯人口的饮食模式从传统的高纤维饮食转变为西方化的饮食,与肠道失调和改变的微生物代谢物有关.
- 饮食中的化合物和微生物代谢物可以影响表观遗传修饰 (DNA甲基化,基因素修饰,非编码RNA表达).
研究的目的:
- 审查和整合有关饮食相关表观遗传变化和微生物组相关代谢途径的现有证据,在2型糖尿病 (T2D).
- 探索饮食,微生物组和表观遗传学在促进T2D风险和进展方面的交叉作用,特别是在阿拉伯/MENA人口中.
- 突出需要针对特定人群的精准医学方法,考虑饮食-微生物组-表观基因组动态.
主要方法:
- 文献综述综合多主题数据和流行病学发现.
- 与饮食和T2D相关的表观遗传变化 (DNA甲基化,基因质修饰,非编码RNA) 的证据综合.
- 微生物组合和功能分析,重点关注短链脂肪酸生产者和与失生症相关的种类.
主要成果:
- 全表观基因组相关性研究表明,T2D患者的共享和人群特异性甲基化特征.
- 饮食变化与减少有益的肠道细菌和增加肠道功能失调有关.
- 饮食-微生物组-表观基因组轴与T2D病变发生有关,在不同种群中观察到不同的模式.
结论:
- 综合的多学科研究对于了解阿拉伯人口的T2D至关重要,因为疾病负担很高.
- 需要文化上下文化的精准医学,整合特定人群的饮食-微生物组-表观基因组相互作用.
- 饮食模式通过饮食-微生物组-表观基因组轴影响T2D风险,需要定制干预措施.
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