结核病诊断方法:临床适用性,实施挑战和综合测试策略
Eduarda Rabello1, Fernanda de-Paris2
1Specialization in Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
概括
结核病诊断面临各种实验室方法,艾滋病毒和耐药性等挑战. 本综述考察了从实施和现实世界的约束来改善全球结核病战略的诊断工具.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 是全球主要的传染病死亡原因,由艾滋病毒和耐药性恶化.
- 现有的结核病诊断方法在不同医疗机构的适用性和影响方面各不相同.
- 需要对结核病诊断进行实用,以实施为重点的审查.
研究的目的:
- 为活跃和潜伏结核病提供实验室诊断方法的全面概述.
- 强调临床适用性,实施挑战和在诊断策略中的整合.
- 采用以实施为导向的视角,考虑到现实世界的限制和区域差异.
主要方法:
- 对传统方法 (涂层显微镜,培养) 和现代技术 (NAAT,LAMP,LPA,NGS,横流测定) 的审查.
- 基于现实世界的限制,区域差异和证据差距的诊断方法的批判性检查.
- 整合世卫组织指导与上下文和操作方面的考虑.
主要成果:
- 各种结核病诊断方法的优点和局限性在不同的背景下得到了强调.
- 讨论了包括基础设施,生物安全,劳动力和可持续性在内的实施挑战.
- 考虑了诸如潜伏结核病和共致病原体调查等未得到解决的领域.
结论:
- 合理的测试选择和综合诊断工作流程对于加强结核病战略至关重要.
- 根据当地卫生系统能力和患者人群量身定制诊断方法对于有效性和公平性至关重要.
- 这一审查支持全球结核病诊断实施的知情决策.
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