一个统一的框架来优先考虑RNA病毒跨物种传播风险在一个广的宿主景观
Di Zhao1,2, Yi-Fei Wang1, Zu-Fei Yin3
1Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Viruses
|February 27, 2026
概括
一个新的框架,UniVH,改善了对病毒宿主的预测,识别了潜在的动物传染性威胁. 这个工具提高了我们评估RNA病毒溢出风险和优先考虑新兴病毒的能力.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- RNA病毒迅速演变,由于潜在的跨物种传播,造成公共卫生风险.
- 鉴定具有溢出潜力的新型病毒是当前缺乏精度的预测方法的挑战.
- 现有的方法可以在广泛的分类层预测宿主,从而限制了对动物传播疾病的准确风险评估.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个统一的框架,UniVH,用于在各种病毒和宿主家族中准确地预测病毒与宿主关联.
- 改进识别具有动物感染潜力的新型RNA病毒.
- 为了能够对数据稀缺的宿主和遗传学上遥远的病毒进行可靠的预测.
主要方法:
- 开发了UniVH,一个统一的病毒主机关联预测框架.
- 在90个病毒家族和240个宿主家族的广泛范围上训练模型.
- 验证了UniVH对2020年后发现的新型病毒的性能,并将其与BLASTp同类方法进行比较.
主要成果:
- 对于新型病毒,UniVH实现了71.2%的宿主预测准确度,比BLASTp.有15.3%的改进.
- 确定病毒结构基因和宿主免疫/代谢基因作为关键预测因素.
- 在20个哺乳动物病毒家族中预测了显著的宿主范围扩张,增加了动物感染潜力.
结论:
- UniVH为评估RNA病毒溢出风险提供了显著的方法进步.
- 该框架可以更精确地识别潜在的动物病宿主和新兴病毒.
- UniVH的解释性有助于理解病毒与宿主之间的相互作用,并优先考虑未来的研究.
相关概念视频
Viruses with RNA Genomes
1.1K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.1K
Viral Mutations
40.1K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
40.1K
Viral Recombination
25.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.4K
RNA Interference
28.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
28.3K
Leaky Scanning
5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.8K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
918
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
918


