炎症性肠病中的饮食和肠道微生物群:临床和营养视角
Luisa Bertin1,2, Sonia Facchin1,2, Brigida Barberio1,2
1Department of Surgery, Oncology, Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
概括
饮食干预和肠道微生物群调节是管理炎症性肠道疾病 (IBD) 的关键. 个性化的营养策略可以改善IBD患者的治疗结果和生活质量.
科学领域:
- 胃肠道学和免疫学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 炎症性肠道疾病 (IBD),包括克罗恩氏病和性结肠炎,是慢性疾病,全球发病率不断增加.
- 环境因素,特别是饮食和肠道微生物群,在IBD病原和免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用.
- 饮食模式显著影响IBD风险,高纤维饮食是保护性的,超加工食品增加了易感性.
研究的目的:
- 审查饮食和肠道微生物群对炎症性肠道疾病的影响.
- 突出治疗营养干预措施及其对疾病缓解和微生物组合的影响.
- 强调个性化,微生物组知情的饮食策略在IBD管理中的重要性.
主要方法:
- 对饮食模式和IBD风险的流行病学证据的审查.
- 对治疗营养干预措施的分析,如排他性肠道营养,克罗恩病排除饮食和地中海饮食.
- 检查与饮食干预相关的微生物组修改,包括特定的细菌种群.
主要成果:
- 健康,高纤维饮食降低IBD风险;加工食品增加它.
- 营养干预可以诱导缓解并促进有益的肠道细菌 (例如,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Roseburia),同时减少有害的细菌 (蛋白质细菌).
- 微量营养素缺乏在IBD患者中很普遍,影响手术结果和治疗反应.
结论:
- 个性化,微生物组知情的饮食策略是IBD治疗的一个有希望的前沿.
- 多学科合作,严格的试验和精确的营养对于优化IBD患者的治疗结果至关重要.
- 综合饮食管理可以显著改善患有炎症性肠道疾病的个体的生活质量.
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