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可穿戴技术和机器学习用于预测基于绩效和患者报告的结果措施:系统性审查
Eloise Milbourn1, Jiaqi Lai1, Dale L Robinson2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
概括
使用可穿戴数据的机器学习可以预测患者的结果,为传统方法提供了替代方案. 对于临床使用,需要使用更大的数据集进行进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 医疗保健中的传统结果监测面临着诸如召回偏差和资源限制等局限性.
- 来自可穿戴设备的患者生成数据为持续健康评估提供了一种新方法.
- 可穿戴技术为客观和频繁的结果测量提供了一个有希望的途径.
研究的目的:
- 识别与患者报告和基于绩效的结果相关的可穿戴设备衍生特征.
- 使用可穿戴数据,比较各种机器学习模型的预测准确度.
- 概述局限性,并建议未来的研究方向,以基于可穿戴设备的结果预测.
主要方法:
- 从四个主要数据库中对2017-2024年间发表的18项研究进行了系统审查.
- 分析使用可穿戴设备 (主要是手腕穿戴) 测量加速计,心率,呼吸和睡眠指标的研究.
- 机器学习算法的比较,包括随机森林,支持矢量机器和隐藏的马尔科夫模型.
主要成果:
- 由可穿戴设备衍生的特征显示出预测患者结果的潜力,预测性表现差异很大 (AUC为0.56-0.92).
- 非线性机器学习模型通常表现优于线性模型,而时间模型在纵向数据上表现有希望.
- 常见的局限性包括样本规模小,外部验证不足,以及实现非二进制预测高精度的挑战.
结论:
- 穿戴式信息型机器学习具有持续和客观的患者结果评估的巨大潜力.
- 进一步的研究需要更大的,多样化的纵向数据集和先进的时间建模来进行临床翻译.
- 缩小概念验证到临床应用之间的差距,需要解决当前的方法限制.
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