土地利用密集化重塑了亚马逊土壤中的微生物循环,有机物成分和分数
Guilherme Lucio Martins1,2,3, Gabriel Gustavo Tavares Nunes Monteiro1,3, Markus Lange3
1Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416000, Brazil.
ISME communications
|February 27, 2026
概括
亚马逊雨林土壤 (P) 动态随着土地使用而变化. 农业森林保持土壤健康,而密集单种植改变微生物群落和P循环,影响营养的可用性和微生物战略.
科学领域:
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 土壤 (P) 对亚马逊植被至关重要,植物依赖微生物群落进行营养循环.
- 森林转化为农业显著改变了植物微生物土壤相互作用和P循环,受土地管理强度的影响.
研究的目的:
- 研究将原始森林转化为农林和类单一栽培对土壤属性的30年影响.
- 分析微生物和低分子量有机化合物 (LMWC) 组成,土壤特性和P分数之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 在初级森林,农业森林和单种植中比较土壤的物理化学属性,酸酸酶活性和P分量.
- 微生物 (细菌和真菌) 和LMWC组成的分析.
- 参与获和合成的基因的量化.
主要成果:
- 农林土壤反映了初级森林土壤的属性,而类单一栽培土壤显示了由于受精和减少有机物质而增加的P.
- 微生物和LMWC组成因土地使用而异,农林显示中间模式. 伪虫和富含营养的LMWC在农林中更高;阿斯科米科塔和缺乏营养的LMWC主导了果种植园.
- 在森林/农林土壤中,P获取基因更丰富,而在类土壤中,P化合物合成基因更高. Labile P与微生物代谢基因有负相关性.
结论:
- 森林转化为农业对微生物功能产生深远影响,反应与土地使用强度和LMWC可用性有关.
- 微生物群落通过改变P获取和循环策略来适应,根据P的可用性在矿化/溶解和生物合成之间转换.
相关概念视频
01:21The Phosphorus Cycle
44.5K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
44.5K
00:54What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
40.1K
The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
40.1K
02:23The Soil Ecosystem
25.2K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
25.2K
01:15Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
1.0K
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
1.0K
01:30Environmental Applications of Microorganisms
1.3K
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
1.3K
01:06Primary Production
25.8K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
25.8K