关键护理中的微生物学景观:使用MIMIC-IV数据库对42,722名ICU患者进行了14年的分析
Shankar Biswas1, Mirza Mohammad Ali Baig2, Alaa Al Amiry3
1Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
概括
在ICU中与医疗相关的感染显示出高水平的グラム阳性耐药性,特别是抗旺素耐药性肠球菌 (VRE). 量身定制的,特定于特定地点的治疗策略对于改善患者的治疗结果和减少抗菌素耐药性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 临界护理医学 临界护理医学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 医疗相关感染 (HAI) 影响了近三分之一的重症监护室 (ICU) 患者,大大增加了死亡率.
- 当前的监测系统往往无法捕捉有效的实证治疗所必需的生物多样性和特定站点的耐药性模式.
研究的目的:
- 分析病原体分布,抗菌素耐药性趋势和大量成年ICU人群的临床结果.
- 为优化在重症监护机构的实证治疗策略提供见解.
主要方法:
- 使用MIMIC-IV数据库 (2008-2022) 的回顾性队列研究.
- 包括具有积极微生物培养的成年ICU患者.
- 根据疾病预防控制中心的标准,根据感染地点和ICU类型分析生物群体,确定耐药性表型 (MRSA,VRE,ESBL,CRE,MDR).
- 时间趋势分析和多变量回归以确定死亡率,耐药性和停留时间的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 超过42,000名患者和1.150万种培养物揭示了格拉姆阴性细菌是主要的病原体.
- 抗菌素耐药性肠球菌 (VRE) 的流行率为59.6%,远高于国家数据.
- 总体而言,抗菌素耐药性下降,但特定生物体的趋势有所不同,克莱布西拉肺炎的耐药性增加,Pseudomonas aeruginosa的耐药性下降.
- 多药耐药 (MDR) 生物的发病率在40-65岁年龄组中最高.
结论:
- 格拉姆阴性细菌主导着ICU感染,但显而易见的是格拉姆阳性耐药性的惊人水平,特别是VRE.
- 在ICU中耐药性模式的显著变化需要量身定制的经验治疗.
- 实施特定地点和单位的抗生素图谱可能会降低耐药性并改善重症监护的结果.
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