解读拉丁美洲三个国家的性别,种族和慢性疾病的健康差异
Carlos Chivardi1, Alejandro Zamudio Sosa2, Daniella Medeiros Cavalcanti3
1MSc, Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK. carlos.chivardi@york.ac.uk.
Nature communications
|February 27, 2026
概括
教育和职业等社会决定因素显著影响慢性疾病风险,特别是在拉丁美洲的土著和非洲裔人口中. 公共卫生政策必须解决这些种族和性别差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 慢性疾病在拉丁美洲的种族和性别群体之间表现出不成比例的影响.
- 导致这些健康差异的具体社会决定因素仍未得到充分理解.
- 拉丁美洲在解决与社会经济因素相关的健康不平等方面面临重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 研究巴西,墨西哥和厄瓜多尔慢性疾病的社会决定因素.
- 分析教育,职业和获得基本服务如何影响慢性疾病诊断.
- 在慢性疾病预测模型中识别种族和性别特异性模式.
主要方法:
- 对巴西,墨西哥和厄瓜多尔 (2018-2019) 国家卫生调查数据的分析.
- 利用随机森林模型来预测慢性疾病的诊断.
- 基于教育,职业和获得卫生设施,饮用水和垃圾收集的评估模型性能.
主要成果:
- 随机森林模型对土著和非洲裔人口的预测准确度更高,表明健康不平等.
- 职业和教育是女性的关键预测因素,但在独立分析时,它们的影响力下降.
- 职业成为男性最关键的变量,其中和显著降低了19.6%的模型性能.
结论:
- 社会决定因素,特别是职业和教育,在拉丁美洲不同种族和性别群体的慢性病患病率中发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 显著的健康差异仍然存在,社会因素对不同人口群体的预测重要性各不相同.
- 定制的公共卫生政策对于解决不同种族和性别人口的独特需求和脆弱性至关重要,以减轻慢性疾病的不平等.
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