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阿尔茨海默病中粉样蛋白向治疗的不断变化的景观:进展和挑战

Binbin Zhang^1,2, Xiaoyun Yu^1,2, Xin Zhang^3,4

¹Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

|February 27, 2026

概括

新的阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 针对β-粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 的疗法在清除斑块和适度减缓认知衰退方面表现有前途. 然而,有限的益处和安全问题凸显出需要进一步研究和结合方法来有效治疗AD.

科学领域:

神经学神经学
药理学药理学是指药理学的学科.
生物医学研究生物医学研究

背景情况:

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是全球痴呆的主要原因.
粉样β (Aβ) 积累是AD治疗开发的一个关键重点.
以前针对AD的分泌酶抑制剂试验缺乏临床疗效.

研究的目的:

审查目前针对阿尔茨海默病的粉样蛋白向疗法的疗效和局限性.
评估新型AD治疗的临床益处和安全问题.
确定阿尔茨海默病治疗策略的未来方向.

主要方法:

通过对主要生物医学数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase) 的结构化搜索进行了叙事审查.
包括关键审查的手动选和针对粉样蛋白向剂的第三阶段试验报告.
专注于旨在减少阿尔茨海默病的粉样蛋白病理学的疗法.

主要成果:

单克隆抗体 (aducanumab,lecanemab,donanemab) 可以显著降低粉样蛋白斑块.
这些疗法在3期试验中显示了认知衰退的适度减缓.
临床益处有限,与粉样蛋白相关的成像异常 (ARIA) 和高成本是重大挑战.
在治疗中持续存在的差距凸显了AD病理的多因素性质 (tau,神经炎症,血管功能障碍).

结论:

Amyloid 向疗法是第一个经过验证的疾病修饰策略.
这些治疗方法并不是对阿尔茨海默病的最终解决方案.
未来的研究应该集中在早期干预,组合疗法,改进的抗体设计和生物标志物实施上.

关键词:

阿尔茨海默氏症是阿尔茨海默氏症的一种疾病.化胺向治疗的治疗方法疾病的修饰疾病的修饰

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