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相关概念视频

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

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The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Heuristics01:21

Heuristics

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Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use mental shortcuts to simplify decision-making. Unlike algorithms, which must be followed precisely to achieve a correct result, heuristics offer a general problem-solving framework. They save time and energy but can sometimes lead to less rational decisions.
People often rely on heuristics when faced with an overload of information, limited time, low importance of the decision, limited information, or when a heuristic readily comes to mind. For...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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在多属性决策中对比整体补偿与概率启发式策略.

Gal Atun1, Vincent de Gardelle2,3, Marius Usher4

  • 1School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Haim Levanon 55, Tel Aviv, Israel. galatun1@gmail.com.

Psychonomic bulletin & review
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
概括

这项研究测试了新的概率决策模型 (单一概率属性 - SPA) 与现有策略. 研究结果表明,大多数人使用快速,补偿性决策,倾向于加权平均模型而不是更简单的启发式.

关键词:
选择RT 选择RT 选择计算建模计算建模决策 - - 两极分化有选择性的抽样采集.TTB 启发式的启发方式一个加权平均值.

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.

背景情况:

  • 传统观点认为,在时间压力下,人类在多属性决策中使用简化策略 (例如,Take The Best - TTB).
  • 最近的研究挑战了这一点,提出了更复杂的策略,即使有有限的信息也可以使用.
  • 这项研究研究了TTB的概率扩展,即单一概率属性 (SPA) 模型,作为一种替代的启发式.

研究的目的:

  • 测试单一概率属性 (SPA) 模型与现有决策模型 (包括TTB和规范加权平均 (WAV) 模型) 的有效性.
  • 使用决策时间区分启发式 (SPA/gTTB) 和补偿式 (WAV) 模型.
  • 在加速条件下分析决策策略的个体差异.

主要方法:

  • 使用选择数据进行SPA,gTTB和WAV模型的计算比较.
  • 通过加快的多属性决策任务收集经验数据,使用不同数量的数值属性 (3, 4, 5).
  • 分析了两项实验中117名参与者的决策时间和选择模式.

主要成果:

  • 在3-5个属性方面,SPA模型与gTTB相似或更适合.
  • 决策时间分析提供了强有力的证据反对SPA模式.
  • 大多数参与者 (70%) 展示了与补偿加权平均 (WAV) 模型一致的选择,做出快速决策 (<1.5s).

结论:

  • 与之前的一些研究相反,研究结果表明,在开放式,加快的条件下,大多数人采用快速,补偿性决策策略 (WAV).
  • 很大一部分的参与者 (大约. 30%的人确实使用了类似于TTB的策略.
  • 决策时间是一个关键的差异化因素,在这种情况下,它支持规范模型而不是更简单的启发式账户.