肺癌死亡率与上下文因素之间的关系中的空间变化和性别差异:一个县级跨部门生态分析
1Department of Geography and Anthropology, Kennesaw State University, 402 Bartow Ave, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA. jtu1@kennesaw.edu.
Journal of prevention (2022)
|February 28, 2026
概括
肺癌死亡率在空间和性别上有所不同,受环境,社会经济和健康因素的影响. 针对性,性别敏感的公共卫生战略对于有效的肺癌控制至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 空间流行病学 空间流行病学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 减少肺癌死亡率需要了解上下文因素,但先前的研究显示结果不一致,并有限地关注性别特异的空间变化.
- 社区的社会经济特征在很大程度上影响了肺癌死亡率的空间模式,需要进行局部调查.
研究的目的:
- 在美国乔治亚州检查肺癌死亡率与环境,社会经济和健康因素的空间变化和性别差异.
- 探索不同的社会经济特征如何影响不同县的这些协会.
主要方法:
- 用县级综合数据 (2019-2023) 设计159个佐治亚州县的横截面生态研究.
- 与男性和女性肺癌死亡率相关的环境 (3),社会经济 (15) 和健康 (14) 因素.
- 使用地理加权回归 (GWR) 来分析空间变化的关联和性别差异.
主要成果:
- 暴露是一个比PM2.5和臭氧更一致的危险因素,特别是在城市/郊区的男性中;在一些农村县,空气污染物是显著的.
- 社会经济和家庭脆弱性在农村地区增加了风险,而较高的少数民族人口和住房密度与较低的风险有关,特别是在北部城市/郊区的男性.
- 慢性病和吸烟增加了男女的死亡风险; 慢性病对女性的影响更为一致. 年度检查减少了女性的死亡风险,特别是在不那么脆弱的城市/郊区县. 健康因素表现出最强烈的影响,其次是社会经济和环境因素.
结论:
- 肺癌死亡率与情境因素的关联表现出显著的空间和性别差异.
- 有效的肺癌控制需要适合当地,性别敏感的公共卫生政策.
- 关键干预措施应集中在慢性疾病管理,戒烟,预防性护理和社会经济发展上.
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