肥胖,2型糖尿病和消化系统的癌症
Simona Cernea1, Dana Crişan2, Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătuşu3
1Internal Medicine I, Department M3, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania; Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania.
Seminars in cancer biology
|February 28, 2026
概括
肥胖和2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 是消化系统癌症的重要危险因素. 在这些情况下,代谢失调会促进癌症发生,因此需要针对性预防,如体重管理和血糖控制.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 代谢疾病 代谢疾病
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 肥胖和2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 越来越多地被认为是癌症发展和进展的主要风险因素.
- 流行病学证据始终将这些代谢状况与消化系统癌症发病率和死亡率的增加联系在一起,具有显著的性别特异性和种族差异.
- 虽然关联很强,但由于研究设计,混因素和潜在的偏见,解释需要谨慎.
研究的目的:
- 彻底探索代谢和炎症机制的复杂相互作用,肥胖和T2DM有助于致癌.
- 在这些代谢疾病的背景下,审查促进瘤生长和扩散的信号通路和细胞微环境变化.
- 强调需要针对高风险人群制定有针对性的预防策略.
主要方法:
- 本综述综合了关于肥胖,T2DM和癌症之间的机械联系的现有文献.
- 它检查了关键的代谢和炎症途径,包括高血糖症,胰岛素耐药性,阿迪波金,肠道失调以及免疫反应.
- 讨论了体外和动物模型中的机制证据,并谨慎地推断到人类病理生理学.
主要成果:
- 肥胖和T2DM创造了一个细胞微环境,通过代谢失调和炎症促进致癌.
- 关键的促成因素包括胰岛素样生长因子-1信号的改变,荷尔蒙失衡,慢性炎症,氧化应激,以及中断的昼夜节律.
- 证据主要来自临床前模型,需要对人类癌症风险进行仔细解释.
结论:
- 肥胖和与T2DM相关的代谢变化是致癌的组成部分,特别是在消化系统.
- 了解这些复杂的机制强调了生活方式干预的重要性.
- 有针对性的预防策略,包括体重管理和血糖控制,对于减轻风险人群癌症负担至关重要.
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