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Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

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垂直流体流通过颗粒状海冰的透值.

Kenneth M Golden1, Cynthia M Furse2, Adam Gully3

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0090, USA. ken.golden@utah.edu.

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概括

极地生态系统至关重要的海冰透性,在柱状和颗粒状冰类型之间有所不同. 颗粒状海冰表现出较高的流体流动门,影响气候和生态模型.

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科学领域:

  • * 极地海洋科学 极地海洋科学
  • * 海洋冰的物理学
  • * 生物地质化学

背景情况:

  • *海冰中的液体透性影响关键的物理和生物过程,包括融化池的动态,雪冰的形成和藻类的营养供应.
  • *海冰存在于柱状和颗粒状的形式,每一种都有不同的微观结构和流体流动特性.
  • * 在南极洲和越来越多的北极地区普遍存在的颗粒状海冰具有独特的特性,影响其透性.

研究的目的:

  • * 为了研究和比较柱状和颗粒状海冰的流体透率值.
  • * 为了确定透性的临界指数,作为不同类型海冰的多孔度的函数.
  • * 评估海冰微观结构对极地环境建模流体流动的影响.

主要方法:

  • *分析从东南极海岸海冰中收集的流体流量数据.
  • * 透理论应用于模拟透性作为孔隙性的函数.
  • * 实验数据与普遍关键指数的理论预测进行比较.

主要成果:

  • * 柱状海冰显示大批垂直流量的水体积分数约为5%的透率值.
  • *颗粒状海冰表现出较高的门,大约10%的盐水体积分数,用于散装垂直流.
  • *透理论准确地预测了两种冰类在各自值以上的透度的普遍临界指数,与观察到的数据保持一致.

结论:

  • *海冰的微观结构显著改变了流体透性的值.
  • *颗粒状海冰的流体流动容量比类似孔隙的柱状冰更大.
  • *这些发现需要在极地环境的物理和生态模型中考虑海冰微观结构,特别是颗粒状冰.