儿童和青少年肥胖和执行功能之间的双向因果关系:基因仪器变量分析
Jia Zheng1,2, Yanan Ma3, Xuxiu Zhuang1,4
1Institute of Health Science Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Developmental science
|March 2, 2026
概括
年轻人肥胖导致执行功能受损,如认知灵活性. 然而,执行功能缺陷不会导致肥胖,这表明存在单向关系. 这凸显了预防肥胖的必要性,以支持认知健康.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 肥胖是年轻人日益关注的问题,可能会对认知发育产生影响.
- 执行功能 (EF) 对于目标导向的行为至关重要,并且与整体健康有着复杂的联系.
- 了解肥胖和EF之间的因果关系对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童肥胖和执行功能 (EF) 之间的因果关系.
- 确定肥胖是否影响EF,或者EF缺陷是否有助于肥胖.
- 探索EF受肥胖影响的特定领域,包括认知灵活性,抑制控制和工作记忆.
主要方法:
- 采用遗传仪器变量分析,特别是双向双阶最小平方 (2SLS).
- 在406名儿童和青少年的样本中,利用多基因风险评分作为遗传工具.
- 使用标准认知测试测量EF,并根据相关共变量进行调整.
主要成果:
- 较高的身体质量指数 (BMI) 导致认知调节受损,显著影响认知灵活性和注意力的测量.
- 观察到的具体影响包括增加的坚持性反应和任务完成和切换的困难.
- 没有证据表明执行功能缺陷对肥胖发展的因果关系.
结论:
- 年轻人肥胖导致执行功能受损,特别是认知灵活性.
- 这种关系是单向的,肥胖会对认知能力产生负面影响,而不是相反.
- 预防肥胖对于维持儿童和青少年的认知健康至关重要.
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