基于最佳力量-速度关系的个性化训练计划的有效性,以发展运动员的跳跃表现:通过元分析进行系统审查
Zhaoqian Li1, Peng Zhi2, Xing Zhang1
1Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Journal of human kinetics
|March 2, 2026
概括
与非个性化的方法相比,个性化的训练计划有效地减少了运动员的力量-速度 (F-V) 不平衡. 然而,增强的跳跃高度只在速度缺陷的运动员中看到,而不是最大功率.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 力量-速度 (F-V) 不平衡会阻碍运动员的表现.
- 个性化培训计划旨在解决特定的运动员配置文件.
- 针对F-V个人资料量身定制的培训的有效性需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析个性化与非个性化培训计划的有效性.
- 评估对F-V失衡,跳跃高度和最大功率 (Pmax) 的影响.
- 根据F-V个人资料特征来探索子组差异.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括到2024年4月19日发表的研究.
- 使用随机效应和固定效应模型进行元分析和子组元分析.
主要成果:
- 与非个性化计划相比,个性化计划显著减少了F-V不平衡 (SMD = 0.59,p < 0.001).
- 在总体分析中,没有发现跳跃高度 (SMD = 0.50,p = 0.059) 或Pmax (SMD = 0.10,p = 0.543) 的显著差异.
- 与非个性化组相比,速度缺陷子组显示F-V失衡的减少 (SMD = 1.28,p < 0.001) 和跳跃高度的改善 (SMD = 0.77,p = 0.010) 较大.
结论:
- 通过针对特定的F-V配置细分来减少F-V不平衡,个性化培训计划是优越的.
- 通过个性化训练提高跳跃高度主要观察到具有初始速度缺陷的运动员.
- 目前的证据不支持与非个性化方法相比,个性化训练对最大功率的显著改善.
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