归因于颗粒物污染的全球,区域和国家负担,1990-2021年:对全球疾病负担的系统分析研究2021年研究
YangYang Li1, Ping Sun2, Yiheng Yin2
1Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
Annals of global health
|March 2, 2026
概括
全球颗粒物污染 (PMP) 导致死亡人数增加,环境PMP (APMP) 死亡人数翻了一番. 存在显著的区域,年龄和性别差异,需要针对这一日益增长的环境健康风险采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施.
科学领域:
- 环境健康科学 环境健康科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 颗粒物污染 (PMP),包括环境污染 (APMP) 和家庭污染 (HPMP),是导致死亡率和残疾调整寿命年 (DALYs) 的全球主要健康问题.
- 了解可归因于PMP的健康结果的时间和空间趋势对于有效的公共卫生战略至关重要.
- 之前的研究强调了PMP的重大影响,但需要对不同的人口统计和地区进行详细的分析.
研究的目的:
- 从1990年到2021年,分析与APMP和HPMP相关的死亡和DALY的时间和空间趋势.
- 将这些趋势按年龄,性别和社会人口指数 (SDI) 分层,以确定脆弱人群.
- 阐明与APMP和HPMP相关的特定疾病负担.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021年全球疾病负担研究的数据,包括PMP,APMP和HPMP (1990-2021) 的死亡,DALY和人口归因部分.
- 报告的数量,每10万人口的比率和估计的年百分比变化,不确定性间隔为95%.
- 根据年龄,性别,SDI和地理区域进行了分层分析.
主要成果:
- 全球PMP导致的死亡人数增加,主要是由于APMP导致的死亡人数翻了一番.
- 总体PMP和HPMP的比率随着SDI的增加而下降,而APMP的比率显示出反转的U形趋势.
- 婴儿和老年人经历了最高的特定年龄率;男性总是比女性有更高的比例. 北非,中东和大洋洲分别为APMP和HPMP的区域比例最高. 南亚地区的APMP利率增幅最大.
- 心血管疾病,孕产妇/新生儿疾病和呼吸道感染是PMP相关的主要原因. APMP主要导致COPD,缺血性心脏病和中风,而HPMP影响下呼吸道感染,COPD和新生儿疾病.
结论:
- 对于PMP的健康负担在不同地区,性别和年龄组之间有很大差异.
- 由于APMP导致的死亡和DALY增加了一倍,这突显出一个关键和日益严重的公共卫生挑战.
- 显著的差异需要制定和实施有针对性的预防和控制战略,以减轻颗粒物污染的全球影响.
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